Curtiss P-6 Hawk

P-6 Hawk
Curtiss P-6 Hawk, 17th Pursuit Squadron
Role	Fighter
Manufacturer	Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company
Introduced	1927
Primary user	United States Army Air Corps
Produced	1929
Number built	70 including modified P-1s
Unit cost	$13,000 USD

The Curtiss P-6 Hawk was an American single-engine biplane fighter introduced into service in the late 1920s with United States Army Air Corps and operated until the late 1930s prior to the outbreak of World War II.

Contents 1 Design and development 2 Operational history 3 Variants 4 Operators 5 Survivors 6 Specifications (P-6E)

Design and development

The Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company (which became the Curtis-Wright Corporation (15 July 1929) supplied the USAAC with P-6s beginning in 1929.

Operational history

A fast and highly maneuverable aircraft for its time, the XP-6 prototype took 2nd place in the 1927 U.S. National Air Races, and the XP-6A with wing surface radiators took first place, at 201 mph (323 km/h). The P-6 was flown in a variety of paint schemes depending on the squadron, the most famous being the "Snow Owl" markings of the 17th Pursuit Squadron based at Selfridge Field near Detroit, Michigan.
The P-6Es served between 1932 and 1937 with the 1st Pursuit Group (17th and 94th PS) at Selfridge, and with the 8th Pursuit Group (33rd PS) at Langley Field, Virginia. Numerous accidents claimed at least 27 of the 46 aircraft delivered. As the P-6Es became obsolete, instead of receiving depot overhauls, they were allowed to wear out in service and were scrapped or sold. At least one survived into 1942 in United States Army Air Forces service.^[1]

Variants

Curtiss P-6A Hawk, 29-260, with fatter and deeper fuselage and new oleo-pneumatic landing gear. ^[2]

XP-6

Model 34P, modified from a P-1 with a Curtiss V-1570-17 Conqueror engine

XP-6A

Model 34K, same as XP-6 but with untapered wings and wing radiators to reduce drag

P-6A

18 ordered by the US Army, 9 were fitted with Prestone- rather than water-cooled V-1670 engines

XP-6B

P-1 converted to take the V-1670 engine

P-6C

cancelled

XP-6D

XP-6B converted to take a turbocharged V-1570-C

P-6D

P-6As, (six of the seven surviving), re-engined in 1932 with turbocharged V-1570-C installed in 1932

XP-6E

Model 35, also designated Y1P-22, ordered in July 1931 as P-6E prototype

P-6E

46 delivered in 1931–1932, equipped the 17th and 33rd Pursuit Squadrons

XP-6F

Modified XP-6E with a supercharger and an enclosed cockpit

XP-6G

P-6E with a V-1570F

XP-6H

P-6E with 4 × .30 in (7.62 mm) machine guns mounted in the wings

P-6S

Hawk I, three sold to Cuba with the 450 hp (336 kW) Pratt & Whitney R-1340 Wasp radial, and one sold to Japan as the Japan Hawk with the V-1570 inverted Vee piston engine

P-11

Three ordered with the Curtiss H-1640 Chieftain engine of 600 hp (447 kW), two were completed with the V-1570 and redesignated P-6D

XP-17

P-1 used as a testbed for the experimental Wright V-1470 air-cooled inverted vee

YP-20

P-11 converted with a Wright Cyclone radial

XP-21

Two conversions of the XP-3A used to test the 300 hp (224 kW) Pratt & Whitney R-985 Wasp Junior radial, one became the XP-21A when modified with the R-975, and the other was converted to the P-1F standard

XP-22

Temporary designation for a P-6A used to test new radiator installations for the V-1570-23 and converted back to a P-6A

XP-23

Model 63, unfinished P-6E with light alloy monocoque fuselage, improved tail, and a turbocharged G1V-1570C with a geared propellor and the turbocharger removed. Later redesignated YP-23

Operators

 China

• Republic of China Air Force operated 50 Hawk II.

 Cuba

• Cuban Air Force received three P-6S fighters with the 450 hp (336 kW) Wasp radial engine.

 Japan

• Japan bought one P-6S, possibly updated with a Conqueror engine.

 Dutch East Indies

• Royal Netherlands East Indies Army Air Force received 8 examples of a P-6D with the Conqueror engine in 1930, another 8 were built in the Netherlands.

 USA

Survivors

A single P-6E survives. The aircraft was donated to the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum by Mr. Edward S. Perkins of Anniston, Alabama and restored by the School of Aeronautics at Purdue University. It is on indefinite loan and display at the National Museum of the United States Air Force at Wright-Patterson AFB near Dayton, Ohio. Originally s/n 32-261 and assigned to the 33rd Pursuit Squadron, it was dropped from records at Tampa Field, Florida, in September 1939. It was restored and marked as 32-240 of 17th Pursuit Squadron, missing on a flight over Lake Erie on 24 September 1932.

Specifications (P-6E)

Data from "The Complete Encyclopedia of World Aircraft"

General characteristics

• Crew: one, pilot
• Length: 25 ft 2 in (7.67 m)
• Wingspan: 31 ft 6 in (9.6 m)
• Height: 8 ft 10 in (2.69 m)
• Wing area: 252 ft² (23.41 m²)
• Empty weight: 2,669 lb (1,224 kg)
• Max takeoff weight: 3,436 lb (1,559 kg)
• Powerplant: 1× Curtiss V-1570C Conqueror liquid-cooled V12 engine, 700 hp (522 kW)

Performance

• Maximum speed: 204 mph (177 kn, 328 km/h)
• Cruise speed: 167 mph (145 kn, 269 km/h)
• Range: 285 mi (248 nmi, 459 km)
• Service ceiling: 24,700 ft (7,529 m)
• Rate of climb: 2.480 ft/min (756 m/s)

Armament

• 2 × .30 in (7.62 mm) machine guns